midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs; - Njhw;wKk; njhlu;r;rpAk;
nghd;idah tpNtfhde;jd;
gz;ila cyfpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; xNu
fhyg;nghOjpy; njhlu;gw;w epiyapy; gy kdpj ,df;FOkq;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. kdpj
,dj;jpd; Kjd;ikf; $Wfshd Mz;> ngz; vd;w ,U ghyUf;FkpilNaahd cwTepiyfs; vy;yh ,df;FOkq;fspilNaAk; xNu jd;ik nfhz;ldthf
,Uf;ftpy;iy. nghUshjhuk;> fhyepiy> epy miktpay; Nghd;wd xU r%fj;jpdJ
elj;ijfisf; fl;likg;gjpy; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpd. ek;gpf;if> gz;ghL> gof;f
tof;fq;fs; vd;gd ,e;j elj;ijfSf;Nfw;g> cUthf;fk; ngw;wd. ,it ahTk; xd;wpize;Nj
Mz; ngz; cwTepiyfis tbtikj;jd. ngz;fs; njhlu;ghd r%fg; ngWkhdj;ij ,itNa
jPu;khdpj;jd. ,jd; mbg;gilapNyNa cyfg; ngz;zpa tuyhW Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l xU r%fk; rhu;e;j ngz;fs;
njhlu;ghd tuyhW midj;J ,dq;fSf;Fkhd tuyhwhfp tpl KbahJ. mNjNtis> ngz;zpak;
gw;wpa gz;Gfs; gy> vy;yh r%fq;fSf;Fk; nghJthd ,Ug;gjidAk; ehk; kWj;Jtpl
KbahJ.
Xg;gPl;lstpy; vy;yhr; r%fq;fspYk;
Mz;fspd; MSikNa Xq;fpapUe;jJ vd;gijg; gyUk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. tuyhw;wpd;
njhlf;f fhyj;jpy; INuhg;gpa ehLfSld; xg;gpLfpwNghJ Mrpa ehLfisr; Nru;e;j
ngz;fs; XusT Nkk;gl;bUe;jdu; vdyhk;.
INuhg;gpau; Nkw;nfhz;l cyfshtpa Ml;rp
tpupthf;fj;jpd; gpd;dNu ngz;zpak; njhlu;ghd Nghf;Ffspy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ehLfs;
,iza Muk;gpj;jd. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;dNu cyfshtpa tifapy; ngz;zpag;
Nghf;Ffs; xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mikg;G topg;gl;l nraw;ghLfs; Njhw;wk; nfhz;ld.
tuyhw;wpy; ngz;zpak; NgnuOr;rp
nfhz;nlOe;j fskhf INuhg;ghNt jpfo;fpd;wJ. mjpfhu ntwpAk; NghUk; epiwe;jpUe;j
INuhg;gpa r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy Ngutyk; kpf;fjhftpUe;jJ. gjpd;dhd;fhtJ
E}w;whz;by; gpd;dNu ,e;ehLfspy; ngz;fs; kPjhd mlf;FKiwfSf;F vjpuhd fUj;Jfs; vo
Muk;gpj;jd vd;fpd;wdu; Ma;thsu;.
ngz;zpar; rpe;jidfspd; Njhw;Wtha;>
tsu;r;rp> vOr;rp rhu;e;j epfo;TfisAk; nra;jpfisAk; INuhg;gpa r%fk; Kbe;jtiu
gjpT nra;J itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. me;j rhd;Wfspd; top epd;W INuhg;gpa r%fj;jpd;
Clhfg; ngz;zpar; rpe;jid vOr;rp ngw;w tuyhw;iwr; FWfpa tbtpy; ju Kay;fpd;wJ
,f;fl;Liu.
1949 ,y; Simone de Beauvoir vd;w gpuQ;Rg; ngz; vOj;jhsu; vOjpa “The Second Sex” vd;w
ngz;zpak; njhlu;ghd E}y; INuhg;gpar; #oypy; cUf;nfhz;l ngz;zpar; rpe;jidfis
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j E}Ny ,e;jf; fl;Liuf;fhd jpwTNfhyhfTk; jskhfTk;
mikfpd;wJ.
‘ghypaYf;F vjpuhfg; Ngdh J}f;fpa Kjy;
ngz;’ vd Christine de Pizan (1364 – 1430) vd;gtiur; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ ,e;E}y;. ,j;jhypapy;
gpwe;J ghup]; efupy; tho;e;jtuhd Christine
de Pizan INuhg;gpag; ngz;zpar; rpe;jid ntspg;ghl;bd; njhlf;fkhfTk;
,Uf;fyhk;.
16 E}w;whz;by; gpuhd;rpy; tho;e;j Heinrich
Cornelius Agrippa vd;w
vOj;jhsu; vOjpa ‘Declamation on the Nobility
and Preeminence of the Female Sex’, (1529) vd;Dk; E}y;
ngz;fspd; ,iwapay; rhu;e;j jhu;kPf Nkd;ikia czu;j;Jtjhf “The Second Sex” Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
,Nj E}w;whz;by; ,j;jhypauhd Moderata Fonte vOjpa ‘The Worth of Women’ (1600)
vd;Dk; E}Yk; ngz;fspd; Nkd;ikiag; giwrhw;Wtjhf mike;jJ vd Simone
de Beauvoir mk;ikahu;
jd; E}ypy; njuptpf;fpd;whu;.
Marie de Gournay (1565-
1645) vd;w gpuQ;Rg;
ngz;kzp vOjpa ‘The Equality of Men and
Women’ (1622) and ‘The
Ladies' Grievance’ , 1626) vd;w ,U E}y;fSk; ngz;fspy; ,Uj;jypay; gw;wpa
tpthjq;fis Kd;itj;Js;sd.
17k; E}w;whz;by; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; gpwe;J
mnkupf;fhtpy; tho;;e;j Anne Bradstreet (1612-
1672) vd;w ngz; ftpQu; ngz;zpak; njhlu;gpy; Kf;fpakhdtuhf mwpag;gLfpd;whu;.
mnkupf;fhtpd; Kjy; ngz; ftpQuhf mwpag;gLk; Bradstreet mk;ikahNu
mnkupf;fhtpy; ngz;zpar; rpe;jidfis ntspg;gLj;jpa Kjy; gilg;ghsuhfTk;
fUjg;gLfpd;whu;.
ghup]; efupy; gpwe;J n[dpthtpy;
tho;e;jtuhd
François Poullain de la Barre (1647 -1725) vd;w vOj;jhsu; ngz;zpay; rpe;jidahsuhf
mwpag;gLfpd;whu;. ngz;fSf;fhf vOjpa ‘Mz;’ vd;wtifapy; ,tuJ vOj;Jfs;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd.
gpuQ;R ehl;ltuhd Olympe De Gouges (1748 - 1793) Kf;fpakhdnjhU ngz;zpayhsuhff;
fUjg;gLfpd;whu;. gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rp eilngw;w fhyq;fspy; ngz;fspy; cupikf;fhf
typikahff; Fuy; nfhLj;jtuhf ,tu; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;whu;. 1789,y;
eilngw;w Gul;rpg; Nguzpapy; ngz;fs; ngUkstpy; jpuz;likapd; gpd;dzpapYk; ,tu;
nraw;gl;bUf;fpd;whu;. gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rp KbTw;wNghJk; ngz;fs; epiy tpbT
ngwhjpUe;jJ. ‘ cyf tuyhw;wpy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpa gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rpahdJ> ngz;fs;
njhlu;gpy; Njhy;tpapNyNa Kbe;jpUf;fpd;wJ’ vd;w fUj;Jgl> 1791 ,y; ,tu;
vOjpa Mf;fk; ‘Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female
Citizen’
vd;gjhFk;.
gpupj;jhdpahitr; Nru;e;j Mary
Wollstonecraft vd;w ngz;kzpNa Kjy; ngz;epiy Ma;thsuhff; fUjg;gLfpd;whu;. ,tu; vOjpa E}y;fshd ‘Vindication of the Rights
of Woman’(1792), ‘Vindication
of the Rights of Men’(1790), vd;w ,uz;ilAk; Ma;Tf;fl;Liufs; vd;Nw Simone de Beauvoir Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. ,tiug; ‘gpupj;jhdpag; ngz;zpathjj;jpd; jha;’ vdg; gpupj;jhdpau; Nghw;Wfpd;wdu;.
gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rp eilngw;w fhyj;jpy; 1789
Xf;Nlhgu; 5k; ehs; ghup]; efupy; Nguzpahfj; jpuz;l ngz;fs; MAjq;fSld; thu;rha;
efUf;F ele;J nrd;W mur khspifia Kw;Wifapl;ldu;. ,g;Nghuhl;lk; ngz;fSf;fhd
cupikfis Kd;itj;Nj eilngw;wJ vdg; gyUk; vOjp tUfpd;wdu;. mJ jtwhd nra;jpahFk;.
“grp> gl;bdpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; ‘rpwhu;fSf;Fk; jkf;Fkhd czT fpilf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjhL> mit rkkhfg; gq;fplg;gl Ntz;Lk;’ vdf;Nfhup elj;jg;gl;l
Nghuhl;lNk ,JthFk;” vdj; jpU f. thRNjtd; jd;Dila ‘gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rp’ vd;w E}ypy;
Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whu;.
INuhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy; ngz;fs; ngUkstpy;
jpuz;nlOe;j Kjy; epfo;thf ,jidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
INuhg;gpa> tlmnkupf;f tuyhw;W
Nehf;fpy; gjpndl;lhk; E}w;whz;L tiu ngz;zpak; rhu;e;J epfo;e;;j Kd;ndLg;Gfshf
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l nra;jpfisf; fUjyhk;.
Mary Wollstonecraft vOjpa ‘Vindication of the Rights
of Woman’ vd;w E}y; gy ehLfspYk;
jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. cynfq;Fk; gutpa gpupj;jhdpa Ml;rpNahL ,e;j E}Yk; gutpaJ
vdyhk;.
ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; tpopg;Gzu;T Vw;glj; njhlq;fpajd;
tpisthf> gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; gy ehLfs; ngz;fs; njhlu;gpy; gy r%f
khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j Kad;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>
·
1809,y; jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; gpd;Dupik (wills) vOJtjw;fhd ,irit epA+Nahu;f;
khepyk; toq;fpaJ.
·
1811,y; jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; jkJ nghUshjhuk; njhlu;ghf
KbntLf;fTk; tpUk;gpa njhopy;fisj; Nju;e;njLf;fTk; x];upah ehL mDkjpj;jJ.
·
1821,y; mnkupf;f khepyq;fspy; xd;whd Nka;d;>
jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; jd; nrhj;Jfis MSik nra;aTk; fztdhy; ,ayhjtplj;J mtUila
nrhj;Jfisg; ghuhkupf;fTk; mDkjpj;jJ.
·
1829,y;; gpupj;jhdpauJ Ml;rpf;F cl;gl ,e;jpa muR
ngz;fs; ‘cld;fl;il’ VWk; tof;fj;ijj; jil
nra;jJ.
·
1884,y; khefurigj; Nju;jypy; fztid ,oe;j>
jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs; thf;fspg;gjw;fhd cupikia xd;uhwpNah muR toq;fpaJ. fdlhtpd;
gpw khfhzq;fs; ,t;Tupikia 1890,y; toq;fpd. gpupj;jhdpah 1894NyNa cs;@u;
Nju;jypy; ngz;fs; thf;fspf;Fk; cupikia toq;fpaJ.
,t;thwhfg; gy ehLfSk; ngz;fs; njhlu;ghd Gjpa
khw;wq;fis gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jpd. ,e;j E}w;whz;by; ehLfs;
NjhWk; gy ngz;zpayhsu; Njhd;wpdu;. ngz;fSf;fhd mikg;GfSk; Njhw;wk; nfhz;ld. ‘Movement for English Feminism’ vd;w mikg;G 1850 ,y;
gpupj;jhdpahtpy; Njhd;wpaJ.
nld;khu;f; ehl;by; Danish Women's
Society or Dansk Kvindesamfund vd;w mikg;G 1871,y; Njhd;wpaJ. ,JNt ngz;fSf;fhd
cupikfis ikag;ggLj;jpa Kjy; mikg;G vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j mikg;G 1885 njhlf;fk; ntspapl;l ‘ngz;fSk; r%fKk;’ (Women and Society- Kvinden & Samfundet) vd;w ,jNo cyfpy; ngz;fSf;fhfj; Njhd;wpa Kjw;
rQ;rpif vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
ngz;fs; vOr;rp njhlu;ghfg; gy ,izaj;jsq;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;w xU epfo;T> 1857,y; epA+Nahu;f; efupy; ngz;fs; cupik Nfhup elj;jpa
gpukhz;lkhd Mu;g;ghl;lg; NguzpahFk;. epahakhd CjpaKk; cupikfisAk; Nfhup
elj;jg;gl;l ,g;Nguzp Ml;rpahsuhy; nfhLikahf mlf;fg;gl;L> ngz;fSk; fLikahfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu; vd;w Fwpg;Ng gy ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,f;fl;Liu vOJtjw;fhf cz;ikahd nra;jpfisj; Njbajpy;
fz;lwpe;j kpfg;ngupa cz;ik vJntdpy;> Nkw;$wpa Mu;g;ghl;lg; Nguzp njhlu;ghd
ve;jnthU tuyhw;W MjhuKk; ,y;iy vd;gNj. ‘ON
THE SOCIALIST ORIGINS OF INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY’ vd;w E}iy vOjpa Temma Kaplan ,j;jftiyj; jUfpd;whu;. 1950fspy;
gpuQ;R ehl;by; tho;e;j rkj;Jtf; nfhs;ifahsupilNa ,f;fij cytpajhf ,tu;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. Kjyhspj;Jtj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghf;Ff; nfhz;Nlhu; ,f;fijia
cUthf;fpapUf;fyhk; vd ,tu; fUJfpd;whu;.
‘1907 khu;r; 8 ehs;;> epA+Nahu;f; efupy;
gjpidahapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fs; Nguzpnahd;iw elj;jpdu;. Crp> Mil
Nghd;wtw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; njhopw;rhiyfspy; gzpGupe;j ,g;ngz;fs; ‘jkf;fhd cupikfs; Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w Nfhupf;ifia
Kd;itj;jdu;’ vd;w nra;jpiar; rpf;fhf;Nfh gy;fiyf;fof ,izaj;jsf; Fwpg;nghd;W
njuptpf;fpd;wJ.
1857 khu;r; 8,y; ,y; eilngw;wjhff; fUjg;gLk; Mu;g;ghl;lg;
Nguzpapd; 50 Mz;il epidT$Wk; tifapNyNa ,g;Nghuhl;lk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ vd
,f;Fwpg;G njuptpf;fpd;wNghJk; Temma
Kaplan
,r;nra;jpia kWf;fpd;whu; vd;gijAk; mJ Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
‘1907 khu;r; 8,y; epA+Nahu;f; efupy; eilngw;w
ngz;fs; NguzpNa midj;Jyf kfspu; ehspdJ njhlf;fk;’ vd> INuhg;gpau; gyUk; ek;Gtjhff; Fwpg;gpLk; Temma Kaplan, fpsuh n[l;fpd; (Clara Zetkin) vd;w n[u;kdpag;
ngz;kzpapd; ngUk; gzpNa midj;Jyf kfspu; ehspd; Njhw;wj;Jf;Ff; fhuzk;
vd;fpd;whu;.
1889 ,y; ghup]; efupy; Bastille Nfhl;ilapy; eilngw;w rkj;Jtf;
nfhs;ifahsupd; $l;lj;jpy; Nk ehs; Nguzpfs; gw;wpg; Ngrg;gl;ld. mjpy; fye;J
nfhz;l fpsuh n[l;fpd; ngz;fspd; Njitfis Kd;itj;jhu;. $bapUe;j ,lJrhupfs;> vl;L
kzpNeu Ntiy> ngz;fs;> rpwhu;fis Ntiyf;F epu;g;ge;jpj;jiy epWj;jy; Nghd;w
Nfhupf;iffis Nk ehs; Cu;tyj;jpy; Kd;itf;f xg;Gf;nfhz;ldu;.
n[u;kdpapypUe;J ntspahd Nrhrypr [dehaff; fl;rpapd;
ngz;fs; nra;jpj;jhshd ‘Gleichhet’ ,dJ Mrpupauhf 1890 Kjy; 1915 tiu fpsuh n[l;fpd; gzpahw;wpdhu;.
mt;Ntis Ntiy nra;Ak; ngz;fspd; mtyq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. fl;rpf;F cs;Sk;
GwKkkhff; fLikahd ngz;zpa vjpu;g;ghsu;fis mtu; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
ngz;zpar; rpe;jidfshy; xd;Wgl;l ngz;fs; gyUk; rkj;Jtf;
nfhs;if rhu;e;j ngz;fSf;fhd midj;Jyff; fl;likg;ig cUthf;f tpUk;gpdu;. n[u;kdpapy;
cs;s Stuttgart efupy;;
1907 xf];l; 17 ehspy; $ba $l;lj;jpy; Nrhryprf; nfhs;ifapd; fPo; ngz;fs; mzp
jpuz;ldu;. fpsuh n[l;fpd;> kw;WnkhU n[u;kdpa Nrhrypr ngz;zpayhsuhd Louise Zietz MfpNahupd; jiyikia
ngz;fs; Vw;wdu;. ngz;fSf;fhd cupikfSf;fhfg; NghuhLtJld;> jkJ ,yf;Ffs;
njhlu;ghf tpthjpf;fTk; tpsq;fq;fs; juTk; jahuhfpdu;.
mnkupf;fh> INuhg;ghitr; Nru;e;j rkj;Jtf;
nfhs;ifahsu; ngz;fSila thf;Fupikf;fhfg; Nghuhlj; jaq;fpdu;. Vnddpy; ngz;fspd;
murpay; cupikfs; ahTk; nghUshjhug; gyj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j Mz;fsplNk ,Ue;jd.
ngz;fspd; thf;Fupik goikthjpfisAk; gyg;gLj;jptpLk; vdf; fUjpdu;. ,Ug;gpDk;
ngz;fs; Nrhryprf; fl;rpapdNuhL njhlu;e;J thjpl;ldu;. cupikfisf; Nfl;Lg; NghuhLk; mtrpaj;ij
typAWj;jpdu;. mjpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;wdu;.
,jidj; njhlu;e;J> If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpd; Nrhryprf;
fl;rp thf;Fupikg; Nghuhl;lg; gug;Giuf;fhf 1908 ,y; Njrpag; ngz;fs; rigia
cUthf;fpaJ. mj;NjhL Nguzpf;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;AkhWk; mr;rigiaf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;lJ. epA+Nahu;f; efiuj; jskhff; nfhz;L ,aq;fpa fl;rpapd; fpisahd Nrhrypr
[dehaf ngz;fs; mikg;G khngUk; Nguzpf;F Vw;ghL nra;jJ.
1908 khu;r; 8k; ehs; epA+Nahu;f; efupy;
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs; fye;J nfhz;L cupikfSf;fhff; Fuy; vOg;gpdu;. njhlu;e;J mnkupf;f Nrhryprf; fl;rp Mz;L
NjhWk; ngg;utup ,Wjp Qhapw;Wf;fpoikiaj; ‘Njrpag; ngz;fs; ehs;’ Mf mwptpj;jJ.
mnkupf;f Nrhryprf; fl;rp 1909 ngg;utup 23k; ehSk;;
1910 ngg;utup 27k; ehSk;; epA+Nahu;f; efupy; Njrpag; ngz;fs; ehisf; nfhz;lhbaJ.
mNjNtis ,e;ehis midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehshfTk; ,f;fl;rpapdu; nfhz;lhbajhff; Kaplan Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. n[u;kdpapy; cs;s Stuttgart efupy;;
1907 xf];l; 17 ehspy;
ngz; rkj;Jtf; nfhs;ifahsu; mzp Kd;ndLj;j nghUshjhu rkTupik> thf;Fupik Nghd;w
Nfhupf;iffs; gw;wpa tplaq;fisAk; mnkupf;f Nrhryprf; fl;rpapdu; mwpe;jpUe;jdu;
vd;fpwhu; Kaplan.
INuhg;gpag; ngz;zpapyhsu; Kjd;Kjyhfg; ngz;zpar;
rpe;jidfSf;Fr; nray; tbtk; nfhLj;jpUe;jhYk; mikg;G tifahf NguzpfisAk;
Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; mnkupf;fu;fNs Kjypy; Kd;ndLj;jpUe;jdu;. INuhg;gpa Nrhryprg;
ngz;zpayhsu; 1911k; Mz;bNyNa jkJ Kjy; epfo;it Kd;ndLj;jdu;.
nld;khu;f; ehl;bd; jiyefuhd Copenhagen ,y; midj;Jyf Nrhryprg; ngz;fs; mikg;gpdu; 1910
Xf];by; $bdu;. ,e;jf; $l;lj;jpd; Kjd;ikahsu;fshd fpshuh n[l;fpd;> Louise Zietz MfpNahu; INuhg;ghtpy;
midj;Jyg; ngz;fs; ehs; mLj;j Mz;by; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpdu;. Mdhy;
ehs; Fwpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
mnkupf;fh ngh];ld; khepyj;ijr; rhu;e;j Nrhryprg;
ngz;fs; mikg;gpdu; 1911 ngg;utup 23k; ehs; Njrpag; ngz;fis ehis Kd;dpl;Lg;
Nguzp elj;jpdu;. ntz;zpw Mil mzpe;J gjhijfs; jhq;fpa ,g;Nguzp nghUs;
nghjpe;jjhf ,Ue;jJ vd> ‘Women
Journal’ vd;w ,jo;
Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
epA+Nahu;f; efupy; 1911 ngg;utup 25k; ehs; Njrpag;
ngz;fs; ehs; epfo;NthL midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehSk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. ,f;$l;lj;jpy;
‘Bertha
Fraser’ vd;w
ngz;zpayhsu; Mw;wpa ciu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhf mike;jJ.
INuhg;gpau; Kjd;Kjyhf jkJ ‘midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehis’
1911 khu;r; 18,y; x];upahtpd; jiyefuhd tpad;dhtpy; nfhz;lhbdu;. ngUkstpy;
jpuz;l ngz;fs;> tuyhw;Wf; fhye;njhl;L %lg;gl;bUe;j ,Ug;Gf; fjTfis mirj;jdu;.
mLj;J te;j Ie;jhz;Lfspy; ngz; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f cupikfisg; ngWtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf
,g;Nguzp mike;jJ.
kWehshd khu;r; 19k; ehs; nld;khu;f;>
Rtp];yhe;J> n[u;kdp Mfpa ehLfspYk; ‘midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs;’ ehs; Nguzpfs;
elj;jg;gl;ld.
1911 khu;r; 25 ehs; epA+Nahu;f; efu; Manhattan
gFjpapy;
Jd;gfukhd epfo;T xd;W eilngw;wJ. ,g;gFjpapy; ,aq;fp te;j Triangle Shirtwaist Milj;njhopw;rhiy khiy 4:40 kzpastpy; jPg;gpbj;jJ. 123 ngz; njhopyhsu;fSk; 23 Mz; njhopyhsu;fSk; mj;jPapy; rpf;fpf;
nfhz;ldu;. mDkjpaw;w Xa;ntLj;jiyj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhfTk; jpUlu; cs; Eioahky;
,Uf;fTk; cupikahsu; fjTfisg; G+l;b itg;gJ ,j;njhopw;rhiyapd; tof;fkhf ,Ue;Js;sJ.
,jdhy; jPapy; rpf;fpf; nfhz;l midtUk; jg;g topapd;wpf; fUfp ,we;jdu;.
ngz;fs; NghuhLtij tpUk;ghj Kjyhspfs; jpl;lkpl;Lj;
jPA+l;bajhfg; gy ,izaj;jsq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. mit ahTk; Mjhukw;w fUj;JfshFk;. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire vd;w ,izaf; Fwpg;G> ,t;tpgj;J gw;wp tpupthff;
$Wfpd;wJ.
1912
,y; mnkupf;fhtpy; cs;s Lawrence gFjpapy;
gzp Gupe;j Milj; njhopw;rhiyg; gzpahsu; gzpg; Gwf;fzpg;Gg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
<Lgl;lik Kf;fpakhnjhU epfo;thf Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ghJfhg;ghd Ntiy> Nghjpa
Cjpak; vd;w Nfhupf;iffis Kd;itj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,g;Nghuhl;lk; vd ‘Rose and Bread’
miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;njhopw;rhiyfspy; ngz;fNs ngUk;ghd;ikahfg; gzp Gupe;jdu;. ,Ugjpdhapuk;
gzpahsu; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;ljhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.
1914
,y; Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghu; Muk;gpj;jjdhy; INuhg;gpa> mnkupf;f ngz;fs; ehs;
epfo;Tfs; njhlu;r;rpahf eilngwtpy;iy. Nghu; ngz;fs; rpWtu;fisg; ngupJk;
ghjpj;jJ. Mq;fhq;Nf NghUf;nfjpuhd Fuy;fisg; ngz;fs; vOg;gpdu;. 1917 ngg;utup 23
,y; ,j;jhypapy; cs;s Turin vd;w ,lj;jpy; Vw;ghL nra;a;gl;l midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs;
ehspy; ‘MAjq;fs; tPo;f’ vdg; ngz;fs; Fuy; vOg;gpdu;.
,f;fhyj;jpy;
urpah ehl;by; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ngz;zpak; rhu;e;j Nghuhl;lq;fs; jdpj;jd;ik
tha;e;jitahf mike;jd. 1913 ngg;utupapy; mnkupf;fhitg; gpd;gw;wp> n[u;kdpapy; cs;s Stuttgart efupy;;
1907 xf];l; 17 ehspy; Bolsheviks f;Ffspy; xUtuhd Alexandra Kollontai vd;w ngz;zpayhsuhy; midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs; Kd;ndLf;fg;l;lJ.
mt;Ntis
urpahit ,uz;lhk; rhu; epf;fps]; (Czar
Nicholas II) vd;w kd;ddpd; Ml;rpapd;
fPo; ,Ue;jJ. kf;fs; Nghjpa cztpd;wpAk;
tpiy cau;thYk; thbdu;. muRf;nfjpuhfg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; njhlq;fpd. 1917k; Mz;L
[dtup> ngg;utup khjq;fspy; Vwf;Fiwa 5 ,yl;rk; kf;fs; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
Fjpj;jdu;. ngg;utup 23,y; ngUk; Nguzp Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. ngz;fs; ngUkstpy;
jpuz;ldu;. Alexandra Kollontai ,g;Nghuhl;lq;fspd; gpd;dzpapy; ,aq;fpdhu;.
ngg;utup
25 ,y; vOr;rp nfhz;l ngz;fs; md;iwa ehis midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehshf Kd;ndLj;Jg;
Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpdu;. urpa murpd; MAjg;gil mg;Nghuhl;lj;ij ntwpnfhz;L eRf;fpaJ.
vdpDk; rhTf;F mQ;rhJ vOr;rp nfhz;l kf;fSila Nghuhl;lj;jpdhy; rhu; epf;fps]pDila
Ml;rp tPo;e;jJ.
Gul;rpf;Fg;
ngz;fspd; MjuNthL> Gjpa ‘kf;fs; muR’ Ml;rpf;F te;jJ. mLj;JtUk; Mz;Lfspy;
midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehisf; nfhz;lhl urpa muR jpl;lkpl;lJ. fpsuh n[l;fpd; mk;ikahupd;
cjtpAld; urpa mjpguhd nydpd; 1922 ,y; midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehis tpLKiw ehshf
mwptpj;jhu;.
Kjyhk;
cyfg;Nghu; Kbtile;j gpd;> x];upah midj;Jyf kfspu; ehis 1918 khu;r; 8 ,y;
nfhz;lhbaJ. 1936 ,y; ];ngapd; ehl;by;
nghJTlikf; fl;rp Ml;rpf;F te;jTld;> khu;r; 8k; ehs; midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs; epfo;T>
Nguzpahf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. ‘tsu;e;J tUk; ghrpr mr;RWj;jy;fspy; ,Ue;J ngz;fs;
ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;’ vd;w Nfhupf;if ,g;Nguzp eilngw;wNghJ Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.
‘midj;Jyg;
ngz;fs; ehs;’ njhlu;r;rpahf eilngWtjw;F ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghu; ngUe;jilahf
,Ue;jJ.
INuhg;gpa ehLfspd; tho;tpay; #oiy
ikag;gLj;jpj; Njhw;wq;nfhz;l ngz;Zupikg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; cyfshtpa ngz; r%fj;ij
Kw;WKOjhfg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpait vdf; fUJtJ nghUj;jkw;wJ. ‘INuhg;gpa r%fk;
rhu;e;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l Nghuhl;lq;fs;> mikg;G tifg;gl;l nraw;ghLfSf;Fk;
gpd;dhl;fspy; Njhw;wq;nfhz;l cyfshtpa nraw;ghLfSf;Fkhd tYthd njhlf;fkhf mike;jd’
vdf; nfhs;tNj nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
1975 k;
Mz;il> midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; Mz;lhf If;fpa ehLfs; rig mq;fPfupj;jik tuyhw;Wr;
rpwg;G kpf;f epfo;thFk;. mj;NjhL khu;r; 8k; ehis ‘midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs;’
vdTk; mwptpj;jJ. 1977 ,y; I.eh tpd; nghJr;rig fPo;f;fhZk; jPu;khdj;ij
epiwNtw;wpaJ.
“United
Nations Day for Women's Rights and International Peace to be observed on any
day of the year by Member States, in accordance with their historical and
national traditions."
2014k;
Mz;by; 100f;F Nkw;gl;l ehLfs; midj;Jyf ngz;fs; ehisf; nfhz;lhbapUf;fpd;wd. 25
f;F Nkw;gl;l ehLfs; ,e;ehis tpLKiw ehshff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; rPdhTk;
tpal;dhKk; ngz;fSf;F kl;LNk tpLKiw toq;fp tUfpd;wd.
If;fpa
ehLfs; rig 2016k; Mz;Lf;fhd midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehis Kd;dpl;L gpd;tUk; ,yf;if
ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
“ஆண் பெண் உட்பட எல்லோரும் மிக விரைவில் பாலின சமச்சீர்மையை அடைவோம் என உறுதி கொள்வோம். பெண்கள் தமது இலக்குகளை அடைவதற்காக, பாலின சமச்சீர்மை மிக்க தலைமை உருவாக்கவும் பாலின வேறுபாடுகளின் பெறுமானத்தை உணர்ந்து மதிக்கவும் உள்ளார்ந்த நெகிழ்ச்சி கொண்ட பண்பாட்டு நடத்தைகளைப் பேணவும் பணியிடங்களில் காணப்படும் பாலின வேற்றுமைகளை வேரோடு களையவும் நாம் ஒன்றிணைவோம். பாலின சமச்சீர்மையை ஏற்படுத்தவல்ல நடைமுறைக்கேற்ற நடவடிக்கைகளைத் துரிதப்படுத்தவும் அவற்றைத் தாக்கமும் பொறுப்பும் மிக்கதான மையத்தில் ஒருங்கிணைக்கும் பணியில் நாம் தலைமையேற்று இயங்குவோம்.”
,Ugjhk;
E}w;whz;L ngz;fspd; NgUyFf;fhd thriy mfyj; jpwe;Jtpl;lJ vdyhk;. vdpDk; ‘ngz;fs;
MZf;F epfuhf midj;ijAk; mile;J tpl;ldu;’ vdf; $wKbahjpUg;gJ ,e;j E}w;whz;bd;
ngUe;JauNk.
khu;r; 2016 - jha;tPL ,jopy; ntspahd fl;Liu.
nghd;idah tpNtfhde;jd;
Jiz epd;wit:
On the socialist origins of International Women’s Day - Temma Kaplan Feminist Studies 11, No. 1 (1985), pp. 163-171.
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